Rust pour développeurs Python

Petit guide rapide pour les Pythonistas souhaitant devenir Rustaceans.

Python

1. Conventions et guidelines
PEP8

2. Tooling

requirements.txt
setup.py
PyPI
pip
setuptools & poetry pour distribuer des libs
pipenv pour la gestion des dépendances
twine pour uploader un package
venv pour isoler un env
pyenv pour gérer ≠ versions de Python
pydoc & Sphinx pour générer la doc
Python pour interpréter/ compiler
ipython comme REPL
ipdb pour debugguer

3. Librairies et frameworks

urllib
requests
json
pyYAML

csv

datetime & dateutils
click & argparse
docopt
re
subprocess
multiprocessing
logging
pathlib
pickle
heapq
flask
cryptography
pymongo
jinja2
pyside
pytest
Flake8
Black
itertools
celery
boto

4. Python like features

dict
constructor avec valeurs par défaut
itertools
hashlib

5. Hello world

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Hello, World")

6. Types

age = 33
name = 'olivier'
weight = 75.3
cartoons = ['riri', 'fifi', 'loulou']
ages = {
    'riri': 7,
    'fifi': 7,
    'loulou': 7,
}

7. Fonctions

def substract(a: int, b: int) -> int:
    """Substracts b from a"""
    return a - b

8. Manipulation de listes



cartoons = ["riri", "fifi", "loulou"]
print(cartoons[0])  # riri
cartoons.append("donald")
print(len(cartoons))  # 4
print(cartoons[2:])  # ["loulou", "donald"]

for cartoon in cartoons:
    print(cartoon)

for i, cartoon in enumerate(cartoons):
    print(f"{cartoon} at {i}")

# Lexicographical order
cartoons.sort()

# Reversed lexicographical order
cartoons.sort(reverse=True)

# Sort by length
cartoons.gpg(key=len)

9. Range

for i in range(0,6,2):
   print(i) # 0, 2, 4

10. Manipulation de dictionnaires (hash map)

# Create new dict
cartoons_age = {}
cartoons_age["riri"] = 7
cartoons_age["fifi"] = 7
cartoons_age["loulou"] = 7

# or using for loop
cartoons_age = {}
for cartoon, age in [("riri", 7), ("fifi", 7), ("loulou", 7)]:
    cartoons_age[cartoon] = age

# or using a list
cartoons_age = dict([("riri", 7), ("fifi", 7), ("loulou", 7)])

# or using key values
cartoons_age = {
    "riri": 7,
    "fifi": 7,
    "loulou": 7,
}

cartoons_age["donald"] = 45
print(cartoons_age["riri"])  # 7
print("riri" in cartoons_age)  # True

del cartoons_age["loulou"]

for cartoon in cartoons_age:  # Keys
    print(cartoon)

for cartoon, age in cartoons_age.items():  # Keys & values
    print(f"{cartoon} is {age} years old")

11. Lire contenu d'un fichier

from pathlib import Path

with Path("/tmp/mon_fichier.txt").open() as fp:
    #  Iterate over lines
    for line in fp:
        print(line.strip())

12. Exceptions/ Retour d'erreur

def div(a, b):
    if b == 0:
        raise ValueError("Division par 0 impossible")
    return a / b

try:
    div(1, 0)
except ValueError:
    print('Oops an error occurred!')

13. "Printer" des objets

class Cartoon:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __repr__(self):
      return str(self.__dict__)

riri = Cartoon(
    name='Riri',
    age=7,
)

print('{!r}'.format(riri))  
# {'name': 'Riri', 'age': 7}

14. Set (hashSet)


cartoons = set()
cartoons.add("riri")
cartoons.add("fifi")
cartoons.add("loulou")
cartoons.add("loulou")

# or using literal syntax
cartoons = {'riri', 'fifi', 'loulou', 'loulou'}

# or using an iterator
cartoons = set(['riri', 'fifi', 'loulou', 'loulou'])

# Manipulation sur les sets
cartoons = {'riri', 'fifi', 'loulou', 'donald', 'picsou'}
some_cartoons = {"donald", "picsou"}

# difference
print(cartoons.difference(some_cartoons))
# {'riri', 'fifi', 'loulou'}

# intersection
print(cartoons.intersection(some_cartoons))  
# {'donald', picsou}

# union
print(cartoons.union(some_cartoons))
# {'riri', 'fifi', 'loulou', 'donald', 'picsou'}

15. while et for loops

# While loop
counter = 0
while counter < 10:
    print(counter)
    counter += 1

# infinite while loop
while True:
    print("Infinite loop")

# infinite while loop with break
counter = 0
while True:
    print(counter)
    counter += 1
    if counter >= 10:
        break


# while loop with continue
counter = 0
while True:
    counter += 1
    if counter == 5:
        continue
    print(counter)
    if counter >= 10:
        break

# For loop over a list
for cartoon in ["riri", "fifi", "loulou"]:
    print(cartoon)

# Enumerating indexes
for  i, cartoon in enumerate(["riri", "fifi", "loulou"]):
    print(f"{cartoon} at index {i}")

# For in a range
for number in range(0, 100):
    print(number)  # from 0 to 99

16. Flask vs Rocket

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return 'Hello Python'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(port=8080)

17. Request vs Reqwest

import requests

url = 'https://httpbin.org/ip'

try:
    resp = requests.get(url)
except HTTPError as err:
    msg = f"error: cannot get {url} - {err}"
    raise SystemExit(msg)

assert resp.status_code == 200

print(f"The response content is: {resp.content}")

18. JSON encoding decoding

import json

# Decode/Deserialize
cartoon_data = '''{
    "name": "riri",
    "age": 7
}'''

cartoon = json.loads(cartoon_data)

# Do things like with any other Python data structure
print(f"{cartoon['name']} was born {cartoon['age']} years ago")

# Encode/Serialize
serialized = json.dumps(obj)
print(f"The serialized value is: {serialized}")

19. Object oriented

class Soldier:
    def __init__(self, name: str):
        self.name = name

    def present(self, other_family_name: str):
        print(f"Hi M. {other}, I'm solider {self.name}")

# ...

soldier = Soldier("Ryan")
soldier.present("Bond")

Rust

1. Conventions et guidelines
RustAPI Guidelines