# Faire tourner un noeud Ethereum - Canonical URL: https://leandeep.com/faire-tourner-un-noeud-ethereum/ - Author: Olivier Eeckhoutte - Published: 2020-12-16T21:25:00Z - Updated: 2020-12-16T21:25:00Z - Language: fr - Tags: Docker, Ethereum, Node Hosting, Blockchain - License: CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Ce court article décrit comment faire tourner un noeud Ethereum sur n'importe quel OS.
## Noeud sur Rinkeby **With Docker** ``` docker pull ethereum/client-go:latest mkdir ~/.geth-rinkeby docker run --name eth -p 8546:8546 -v ~/.geth-rinkeby:/geth -it \ ethereum/client-go --rinkeby --ws --ipcdisable \ --wsaddr 0.0.0.0 --wsorigins="*" --datadir /geth ``` Pour détacher le running container, sans le stopper, vous pouvez utiliser les commandes suivantes: `Ctrl + P, Ctrl + Q` > Si le container est stoppé, vous pouvez le relancer avec la commande suivante: `docker start -i eth`
Si vous avez un résultat similaire à ceci dans le terminal, vous êtes tout bon: ``` INFO [12-16|21:24:32.532] Block synchronisation started INFO [12-16|21:24:32.589] Looking for peers peercount=1 tried=61 static=0 INFO [12-16|21:24:36.260] Imported new block headers count=192 elapsed=52.722ms number=192 hash="8c570c…ba360c" age=3y8mo3w INFO [12-16|21:24:36.262] Downloader queue stats receiptTasks=0 blockTasks=0 itemSize=639.74B throttle=8192 INFO [12-16|21:24:36.262] Migrated ancient blocks count=1 elapsed="111.458µs" INFO [12-16|21:24:36.283] Imported new block receipts count=54 elapsed=20.916ms number=54 hash="dafe6e…02bf13" age=3y8mo3w size=34.33KiB INFO [12-16|21:24:36.684] Imported new state entries count=222 elapsed="4.869µs" processed=222 pending=3553 trieretry=0 coderetry=0 duplicate=0 unexpected=0 INFO [12-16|21:24:36.694] Imported new block receipts count=138 elapsed=40.089ms number=192 hash="8c570c…ba360c" age=3y8mo3w size=86.38KiB INFO [12-16|21:24:36.725] Imported new block headers count=192 elapsed=77.269ms number=384 hash="6d95fa…a59e49" age=3y8mo3w ```
**Without Docker** ``` # Install Geth sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ethereum # Verify Geth version geth version-check # Upgrade Geth sudo apt-get upgrade geth ``` ``` mkdir ~/.rinkeby-ethereum geth --rinkeby --datadir ~/.rinkeby-ethereum --syncmode "fast" --graphql --cache=2048 --maxpeers=128 --metrics --rpc --rpcapi "eth,net,web3,personal,web3" --rpcaddr "0.0.0.0" --rpcport 9545 --ws --ws.addr "0.0.0.0" --ws.port 9546 ```
**Run 2 nodes Rinkeby on the same machine** ``` mkdir ~/.rinkeby-ethereum-docker-ethereum-one docker run --name ethereum-one-rinkeby \ -p 8545:8545 -p 8546:8546 -p 30303:30303 \ -v ~/.rinkeby-ethereum-docker-ethereum-one:/geth \ ethereum/client-go --rinkeby --datadir /geth --graphql --rpcapi "eth,net,web3,personal,web3" --rpcaddr "0.0.0.0" --ws --ws.addr "0.0.0.0" --syncmode "fast" mkdir ~/.rinkeby-ethereum-docker-ethereum-two docker run --name ethereum-two-rinkeby \ -p 9545:8545 -p 9546:8546 -p 30304:30303 \ -v ~/.rinkeby-ethereum-docker-ethereum-two:/geth \ ethereum/client-go --rinkeby --datadir /geth --graphql --rpcapi "eth,net,web3,personal,web3" --rpcaddr "0.0.0.0" --ws --ws.addr "0.0.0.0" --syncmode "fast" ```
## Mainnet **With Docker** ``` docker pull ethereum/client-go:latest mkdir ~/.geth docker run --name eth -p 8546:8546 -v ~/.geth:/geth -it \ ethereum/client-go --syncmode fast --ws --ipcdisable \ --wsaddr 0.0.0.0 --wsorigins="*" --datadir /geth ```
> Dev purpose below. Attention `--rpcaddr "0.0.0.0"` n'est pas secure dans une environnement live ``` mkdir -p ~/ethereum/data cd ~/ethereum sudo docker run --name geth -itd -p 8546:8546 -p 8545:8545 -p 30303:30303 -v data:/root/.ethereum ethereum/client-go:latest --rpc --rpcaddr "0.0.0.0" sudo docker update --restart unless-stopped geth sudo docker logs -f geth ```
* 8545 TCP: HTTP JSON RPC API * 8546 TCP: WebSocket JSON RPC API * 30303 TCP et UDP: P2P protocol running the network * 30304 UDP: P2P protocol's new peer discovery overlay

**Without Docker** ``` sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ethereum ``` ``` geth --syncmode "fast" # Pour un récupérer un testnet # geth --ropsten --syncmode "fast" geth --syncmode "fast" --graphql --cache=2048 --maxpeers=128 --metrics --rpc --rpcapi "eth,net,web3,personal,web3" --rpcaddr "0.0.0.0" --rpcport 8545 --ws --ws.addr "0.0.0.0" --ws.port 8546 # --rpcvhosts "geth.domain.com" ```
"Full" Sync: Récupère les block headers, les block bodies et valide chaque élément depuis le block genesis. Fast Sync: Récupère les block headers, les block bodies, et ne process que les transactions à partir du block actuel - 64. Ensuite il récupère un snapshot state et réalise une sorte synchronization full. Light Sync: Ne récupère que le current state. Pour vérifier les éléments, il a besoin de demander aux full (archive) nodes les 3 feuilles correspondantes. > Dans les dernières version de Geth `- 64` est paramétrable avec le paramètre `fsMinFullBlocks`.
**Vérifier l'état de synchronisation** ``` geth attach eth.syncing eth.blockNumber ```
**Se connecter à son noeud local via Javascript** ``` # Installer NVM curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.38.0/install.sh | bash echo "export NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=http://nodejs.org/dist" >> ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc nvm ls-remote # Installer NodeJS nvm install v12.22.0 nvm use v12.22.0 nvm use default v12.22.0 # Installer Web3 npm install web3 --save ```
Créer un fichier `test.js` et ajouter le contenu suivant: ``` const Web3 = require("web3") //const web3 = new Web3("https://cloudflare-eth.com") const web3 = new Web3("http://localhost:8545") /* web3.eth.isSyncing((error, sync) => { if (!error && sync) { console.log(sync.currentBlock); console.log(sync.highestBlock); } }); */ async function getBlockNumber() { const latestBlockNumber = await web3.eth.getBlockNumber() console.log(latestBlockNumber) return latestBlockNumber } getBlockNumber() ``` Exécuter la commande suivante `node test.js`
**Lire les informations d'un Smart Contract (CALL)** Ajouter le code suivant avant de relancer la commande `node test.js`: ``` const ERC20TransferABI = [ { constant: false, inputs: [ { name: "_to", type: "address", }, { name: "_value", type: "uint256", }, ], name: "transfer", outputs: [ { name: "", type: "bool", }, ], payable: false, stateMutability: "nonpayable", type: "function", }, { constant: true, inputs: [ { name: "_owner", type: "address", }, ], name: "balanceOf", outputs: [ { name: "balance", type: "uint256", }, ], payable: false, stateMutability: "view", type: "function", }, ] const DAI_ADDRESS = "0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f" const daiToken = new web3.eth.Contract(ERC20TransferABI, DAI_ADDRESS) const senderAddress = "0x8bfb847d85b7bde4596888ae08fa7863752ffcf6" daiToken.methods.balanceOf(senderAddress).call(function (err, res) { if (err) { console.log("An error occured", err) return } console.log("The balance is: ", res) }) ```
Output: 12154947 The balance is: 12558880673328618209762 Adresse prise au hasard sur Etherscan. Cela correspond à environ 12,558.880673328618209762 DAI
**La même chose en Python** ``` sudo apt-get install python3-dev sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 1 curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/2.7/get-pip.py --output get-pip.py sudo python get-pip.py sudo apt install ipython3 pip install web3 pip install 'web3[tester]' python -m ipython In [1]: from web3 import Web3 In [2]: Web3.toWei(1, 'ether') Out[2]: 1000000000000000000 In [3]: Web3.fromWei(500000000, 'gwei') Out[3]: Decimal('0.5') #In [4]: w3 = Web3(Web3.EthereumTesterProvider()) In [4]: w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider('http://127.0.0.1:8545')) In [5]: w3.isConnected() Out[5]: True In [6]: w3.eth.getBlock('latest') Out[6]: AttributeDict({'difficulty': 17179869184, 'extraData': HexBytes('0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa'), 'gasLimit': 5000, 'gasUsed': 0, 'hash': HexBytes('0xd4e56740f876aef8c010b86a40d5f56745a118d0906a34e69aec8c0db1cb8fa3'), 'logsBloom': HexBytes('0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'), 'miner': '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000', 'mixHash': HexBytes('0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'), 'nonce': HexBytes('0x0000000000000042'), 'number': 0, 'parentHash': HexBytes('0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'), 'receiptsRoot': HexBytes('0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421'), 'sha3Uncles': HexBytes('0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347'), 'size': 540, 'stateRoot': HexBytes('0xd7f8974fb5ac78d9ac099b9ad5018bedc2ce0a72dad1827a1709da30580f0544'), 'timestamp': 0, 'totalDifficulty': 17179869184, 'transactions': [], 'transactionsRoot': HexBytes('0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421'), 'uncles': []}) In [7]: w3.eth.get_block(12345) Out[7]: AttributeDict({'difficulty': 735512610763, 'extraData': HexBytes('0x476574682f76312e302e302f6c696e75782f676f312e342e32'), 'gasLimit': 5000, 'gasUsed': 0, 'hash': HexBytes('0x767c2bfb3bdee3f78676c1285cd757bcd5d8c272cef2eb30d9733800a78c0b6d'), 'logsBloom': HexBytes('0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'), 'miner': '0xad5C1768e5974C231b2148169da064e61910f31a', 'mixHash': HexBytes('0x31d9ec7e3855aeba37fd92aa1639845e70b360a60f77f12eff530429ef8cfcba'), 'nonce': HexBytes('0x549f882c5f356f85'), 'number': 12345, 'parentHash': HexBytes('0x4b3c1d7e65a507b62734feca1ee9f27a5379e318bd52ae62de7ba67dbeac66a3'), 'receiptsRoot': HexBytes('0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421'), 'sha3Uncles': HexBytes('0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347'), 'size': 539, 'stateRoot': HexBytes('0xca495e22ed6b88c61714d129dbc8c94f5bf966ac581c09a57c0a72d0e55e7286'), 'timestamp': 1438367030, 'totalDifficulty': 3862140487204603, 'transactions': [], 'transactionsRoot': HexBytes('0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421'), 'uncles': []}) In [8]: w3.eth.get_balance('0x742d35Cc6634C0532925a3b844Bc454e4438f44e') Out [8]: 0 ```
Voilà, nous avons vu comment démarrer un noeud Ethereum sur différents réseaux et comment nous y connecter via du code JS ou du code Python. Nous verrons dans un prochain article comment suivre les changements dans des Smart Contracts avec des WebSockets.
## Monitoring Je vous recommande d'installer une solution de monitoring comme Grafana InfluxDB pour monitorer et avoir de l'alerting sur votre noeud. ![image](/images/ethereum-node-monitoring.png) Il faudra alors démarrer Geth avec les flags suivants: `--metrics --metrics.influxdb --metrics.influxdb.endpoint "http://0.0.0.0:8086" --metrics.influxdb.username "" --metrics.influxdb.password ""`
## Troubleshooting `Checkpoint challenge timed out, dropping`: Start a timer to disconnect if the peer doesn't reply in time (cf. https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/eth/handler.go) `snapshot extension registration failed geth`: Geth client is probably outdated `Imported new chain segment`: means geth has downloaded some amount of blocks to be added to the chain. **Look at `age` key to figure out the remaining quantity of blocks to download** `Invalid merkle root`: Geth is certainly outdated. Just upgrade it (worked for me for 1.10.7 -> 1.10.8)